1   A portrait (present whereabouts unknown) of the beautiful Eliza (McNeill) Wellwood was painted by Sir Henry Raeburn (1756–1823) (see Image 40). The portrait is said to have been sold in 1917 by the Ehrich Galleries in London to an American collector. A reference photograph of the portrait is deposited with the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. Attempts by me to ascertain the location of the records of the Ehrich Galleries and of the Ehrich-Newhouse Galleries have not been successful, and the identity of the purchaser of the portrait remains unknown.

2   The handwriting in these comments about why Eliza Winstanley gave Anna Whistler a copy of her diary is that of Anna Whistler.

3   I am deeply grateful to Michael J. Welch, my London researcher, and to Lorna E. Kinnaird, Dunedin Links Genealogy, Edinburgh, for providing the genealogical research for Eliza Winstanley’s journal. The wills of Mrs. Isabella (Finlay) Clunie, Eliza’s grandmother; Miss Isabel Clunie, Eliza’s aunt; and Mrs. Charlotte (Clunie) Biggs, Eliza’s aunt, offer much clarification of the Clunie family genealogy as well as add some details to the biographies of heirs, lawyers, friends, and executors that Eliza Winstanley heard her Aunt Charlotte Biggs mention. The wills show, for example, the interesting information that neither Mrs. Isabella (Finlay) Clunie nor Isabel Clunie left an inheritance to Alicia Margaret Caroline McNeill (see Image 39), then in her twenties, but Eliza (McNeill) Wellwood received £1000 from her grandmother, and £10 was allotted to her by her aunt for the purchase of a mourning ring as a memorial of that aunt.

4   The handwriting in this copy of the diary is that of Eliza Winstanley.

5   Eliza Winstanley’s second husband was John Winstanley, solicitor, of Preston. Hereafter, any available detailed information will be given only for persons who have not already appeared in Anna Whistler’s St. Petersburg diaries. Persons who have already appeared in those diaries will be identified again briefly, and the reader will be referred to their biography in Appendix E (if available). For John Winstanley, see Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

6   Eliza Isabella (McNeill) (Wellwood) Winstanley’s trip was quite complicated. She traveled by train from North Union Station in Preston to Edge Hill Station in Liverpool. At Liverpool, she boarded a steamer that stopped at the Isle of Man and then proceeded to Greenock. Because of the lengthy wait that would have been required to take a train from Greenock to Glasgow, she traveled there by steamboat. She then traveled by train from Glasgow to Edinburgh. Here, she traveled by stage coach to the Portobello area to the home of her aunt. Her return journey was by the Carlisle coach from Edinburgh, which made a stop at Galashiels. She ended her solo journey in Kendal and proceeded by coach to Kirkby Lonsdale with her husband and a party of friends, who had come to Kendal to meet her. See Images 61–70, and 74–75 of some of the stops along her journey.

The North Union Line was opened on 1 November 1838, cutting the travel time from Preston to Liverpool to one-and-three-quarter hours (Hunt, History of Preston, p. 198).

7   Eliza Winstanley was going to Edinburgh to visit her mother’s sister, Charlotte (Clunie) Biggs (b. Whitekirk, East Lothian 24 July 1762; bap. Whitekirk, East Lothian 30 July 1762; d. Portobello, Edinburgh 9 November 1844) (Glasgow Herald, November 11, 1844). Charlotte Biggs is listed in the 1841 Scottish Census as 70 years old, of independent means, and born in the county. She was the widow of James Biggs (d. Memel 24 March 1806), a British wood merchant of Memel, East Prussia (“At Memel, James Biggs, Esq. formerly of Glasgow,” “Deaths March 1806,” The Scots Magazine and Literary Miscellany 68, no. 1 [1806]). Although in his obituary James Biggs is said to be “formerly of Glasgow,” he seems to have been of English descent. There is no James Biggs born or baptized from 1750 to 1790 listed in the Old Parish Registers for the whole of Scotland. It was not possible to discover his age at death, or location of birth, or confirmation of marriage between him and Charlotte Biggs in Scottish archival materials. In her will, Charlotte Biggs refers to the Knox family, the “kind relatives” of her husband, James Biggs, who Eliza Winstanley mentions in this diary as hearing about from Charlotte Biggs. This may be an avenue of pursuit to learn more about James Biggs. One of the executors of Charlotte’s will, proved on 24 January 1845, was Andrew Lawson Knox, her nephew; perhaps the investigation should begin with him. See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

8   This is most likely Eliza (Hatton) Chapman of Preston. See Chapman in Appendix E.

9   Miss Thompson is probably the daughter of Esther (Proddow) Thompson (b. 7 September 1807; bap. Crosthwaite, Cumberland 1 October 1807; d. Preston 3rd qtr. 1868) of 8 Stanley Place in Preston, with whom Alicia McNeill lodged in 1861 (1861 Census for Preston, Ecclesiastical District of Christchurch, RG9/3129, fol. 109, p. 41).

10  Thomas Woodcock Winstanley was a son of John Winstanley’s brother, Thomas. See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

11  Kirkside was a suburb of Liverpool.

12  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Thomas and Mary Laurie (Stirling) Ainsworth, who were both ill. See Ainsworth and Stirling in Appendix E.

13  Eliza Winstanley is referring to her younger sister, Alicia Margaret Caroline McNeill. See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E and Image 39.

14  For Johnston/Johnstone, see the biography of Martha (Kingsley) McNeill in Whistler … Fairfax in Appendix E and Image 22. It has not been possible to identify Isabella (Isa) Johnstone.

15  Edge Hill was in the West Derby ward of Liverpool (J.A. Picton, Memorials of Liverpool: Historical and Topographical, Including A History of the Dock Estate, 2 vols. [London: Longmans, Green, 1873], vol. 2, p. 485). The main railway station of the Liverpool and Manchester Line occupied “a large proportion of the land east of Tunnel Road between Wavertree Road and Smithdown Lane” (Picton, vol. 2, pp. 514–515). The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (and thus the Edge Hill Station; see Image 61) was opened on 15 September 1830, and the event marred by the accidental death of one of the officials, who, being unwell, fell onto the rails, was run over by the engine, and died a few hours later (Picton, vol. 1, pp. 488–489).

16  Ann Cunliffe (b. 10 January 1816; bap. Chorley, Lancashire 1 March 1816; d. Myerscough 25 January 1884) was the eldest daughter of John and Sarah Cunliffe. Her father was described in the 1851 Census for Liverpool as “Deputy Lieutenant and one of Her Majesty’s Justices of the peace for the County of Lancaster. Landed proprietor and occupier of 200 [?] Employing 10 Ag. Labourers.” She married on 29 March 1843 in Garstang, Lancashire, Edward Kingston Salisbury (b. 8 July 1802; bap. St. Mary, Manchester 28 March 1803; d. Liverpool 20 October 1845), son of Samuel and Harriet Salisbury. They had two children: Sarah Jane (Liverpool 4 October 1844 – still alive and unmarried in 1916) and Edward Kingston (Myerscough 15 November 1845 – Warren County, VA 13 December 1916). The son was born after his father’s death. The widowed Ann (Cunliffe) Salisbury was living in her parents’ household at Myerscough House, Myerscough, Lancashire, at the time of the 1851 Census for Liverpool (IGI; National Probate Calendar (UK), 1884; 1851 Census for Liverpool, HO 107/2270; The Liverpool Journal, April 1st, 1843, p. 7; The Liverpool Mail, October 25, 1845, p. 7; Transcript of Register of St. Mary’s Church, Manchester, SoG; National Probate Calendar (UK), 1917; The Liverpool Mercury and Lancashire General Advertiser, October 24, 1845, p. 15).

17  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Anastasia/Anastatia Henley (28 June 1822 – 16 November 1910), who married in St. Petersburg on 16 April 1839 Andrew Handisides (25 July 1805 – 9 June 1887). They had no children and adopted Louisa, one of the daughters of Andrew’s brother, Dr. James Ronaldson Handisides (c. 1796 – 11/23 December 1872) (Whishaw, History, pp. 151, 154]).

18  Miss Henley is Harriet Henley (6 August 1824 – Cheltenham 20 March 1856), sister of Anastasia/Anastatia (Henley) Handisides (Whishaw, pp. 163, 165).

19  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Major George Washington Whistler (see Images 7–8, 21), calling him her brother with the meaning of brother-in-law, the husband of her half-sister, Anna (McNeill) Whistler (see Images 1–5).

20  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Rev. Edward Law (see Image 253), pastor of the English Church in St. Petersburg.

21  Portobello (see Image 68) is a town three miles east of Edinburgh city center and a favorite resort for sea-bathing (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, p. 373; Munro and Gittings, Scotland, p. 387).

22  Eliza Winstanley’s first husband was Colonel Robert Wellwood. See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

23  The lady was Mrs. Jane Gordon of Great George Street, Liverpool, 40–44 years old and born in England or Wales, but not in Lancashire. (1841 Census for Liverpool, HO107/565/1). The 1851 Census shows that the widowed Mrs. Gordon and some of her children were by then living in Edinburgh; the 1861 Census shows her to still be living there with two relatives.

24  Janet Gordon was the eldest of the eight children of Jane and Harry Gordon. She was born in Lancashire and was 20–24 years old in 1841 (1841 Census for Liverpool, HO107/565/1). Janet married at 2 Doune Terrace on 10 August 1848 George More, Esq. W.S. (“Marriages,” Caledonian Mercury (Edinburgh), August 14, 1848).

25  Mrs. Gordon’s recently deceased husband was Harry Gordon, merchant, of Liverpool, aged 50–54 in the 1841 Census, and born in Scotland (1841 Census for Liverpool, HO107/565/1). He had died in Liverpool on 19 March 1843, at his house in Great George Street (“Deaths,” The Liverpool Mercury and Lancashire General Advertiser, March 24, 1843).

26  The Isle of Man (see Image 62) was at this time under English rule. “In about 1720 the contraband trade [here] had greatly increased” and in the years 1756–1765 had “assumed such proportions that, in the interests of the Imperial revenue, it [had become] necessary to suppress it. … There was some alleviation” to efforts “to extract as much revenue as possible” from this “pestilent nest of smugglers” between 1793 and 1826. Because of the resultant suppression of smuggling and “a large and increasing surplus “of revenue, “representations [by] the Manx people to British ministers in 1837 [and 1844” resulted in “a somewhat less stringent customs tariff” (“History of the Isle of Man,” Wikipedia, accessed 15 July 2020).

27  Greenock (see Image 63) is “a sea-port, burgh, and market-town, in the Lower ward of the county of Renfrew, … 22 [miles] (W.N.W.) from Glasgow, and 65 (W.) from Edinburgh … containing 36,936 inhabitants … the town is beautifully situated on the south shore of the Frith of Clyde … [It is] the native place of [James] Watt … the celebrated improver of the steam-engine” (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, pp. 522–523).

28  The mountain of Ben Lomond (see Image 64) is located within the parish of Buchanan, in the county of Stirling. It is “the highest point of the Grampian [hills], rising 3000 feet above the sea, and commanding from its summit, which is of conical form, a prospect, on the north, of an interminable range of mountains rising in succession, one above another, and, on the south, of all the rich and varied scenery in the tract from the Western Isles to the Frith of Forth. It is one of the most striking and commanding objects In the country, and never fails to excite the admiration of every beholder” (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, p. 157).

29  Ben Nevis (see Image 65) is “a granite mountain rising to a height of 4409 feet to the east of Fort William in Lochaber … [and] the highest peak not only in Scotland but in Great Britain. In association with Carn Mòr Dearg to the northeast, it forms a vast northwestern-facing horseshoe. It is a challenging venue for ice and snow climbing (Munro and Gittings, Scotland, p. 65).

30  Glasgow (see Image 66) is “a city, the seat of a university and a sea-port, having separate jurisdiction, locally in the Lower ward of the county of Lanark, and situated … 23 miles (E. by S.) from Greenock, … 43 (W. by S.) from Edinburgh…; containing 120,183 and, with the suburbs of Barony and Gorbals, 274,533 inhabitants.” “The city is built on the north bank of the river Clyde” (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, pp. 478, 483).

31  Mr. Maclean may have been a brother to Alicia McNeill’s friend, Miss Elizabeth Maclean, of Bath (see the entry for St Petersburg. 1848. September, NYPL: AWPD, Part II, and accompanying Note 1153).

32  “The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway … was commenced in October, 1838, and opened on the 21st of February, 1842. It is forty-six miles in length” (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, p. 489). The Glasgow and Edinburgh Station is located at George-square in Glasgow (Lewis, p. 379).

33  “Falkirk [is] a burgh, market-town, and parish in the county of Stirling … containing 15,621 inhabitants … 24 [miles] (W. by N.) from Edinburgh … The town is situated on the road from Linlithgow to Glasgow, and consists of one principal street, nearly a mile in length, and of several smaller streets (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, p. 412–413). Here, Eliza Winstanley and Isabella (Isa) Johnstone parted company.

34  “Edinburgh, a city, the seat of a university, and the metropolis of the kingdom of Scotland, [is] situated … 42 [miles] (E. by N.) from Glasgow, 92½ (N. by W.) from Carlisle, … containing 56,330, and including the suburban parishes of St. Cuthbert and Canongate, 138,182 inhabitants.” The terminus of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway was located at the Haymarket (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, pp. 361, 379).

35  Princes Street (see Image 67), in the New Town, is about three-quarters of a mile in length. On the north side are buildings of various types. As there are almost no buildings on the south side, “a magnificent terrace of fine houses with pleasure-grounds in front” affords panoramic views of the valley and beyond the great rock on which Edinburgh Castle stands and the Old Town (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, p. 372; Tourists’ Handy Guide to Scotland [Edinburgh: William Patterson; London: Simpkin Marshall, 1872], p. 2).

36  The coach for Carlisle stopped in Kendal (see Images 69, 73), the final destination in the portion of her diary that she copied out for Anna Whistler.

37  “The Land o’ Cakes” refers to Scottish oatcakes. Robert Fergusson (1750–1774) used the expression in his poem “The King’s Birthday in Edinburgh”: “Oh, soldiers! For your ain dear sakes / For Scotland’s, alias, Land o’Cakes.” Robert Burns (1759–1796) used the expression in his poem “On the Late Captain Grose’s Peregrinations Thro’ Scotland”: “Hear, Land o’Cakes and brither Scots” (Maurice Lindsay, The Burns Encyclopedia [London: Robert Hale, 1995], p. 209).

38  Eliza Winstanley’s aunt, Charlotte (Clunie) Biggs, lived on West Brighton Crescent, Parish of Duddington, Burgh of Portobello (1841 Scottish Census, 684/11/77). Her will, drawn up on 26 November 1844, defines the area of land belonging to her, which she seems to have acquired on 18 June 1828.

39  Mrs. Biggs’s servant was Catherine Peterkin (c. 1801 – Macduff 26 May 1855). If she was still in Mrs. Biggs’s employ at the time of the latter’s death, she was to receive ten pounds, “a suit of mournings becoming her station,” and all of Mrs. Biggs’s printed cotton gowns. As she is listed in the 1841 Scottish Census as 40 years old, she was born c. 1801. She died on 26 May 1858, age 57, single, at Gellymill Street in Macduff (Statutory Deaths 1858 in the Burgh of Banff, County of Banff, 147/01/0059, p. 20).

Civil registration of births, deaths, and marriages in Scotland commenced in 1855.

40  Meg Merrilies (see Image 71) is the old gypsy woman in Sir Walter Scott’s novel Guy Mannering (1815). She succeeds in thwarting a plot to kidnap Harry Bertram, to whom she was once nurse, but dies in the attempt. She is also the subject of a song by Keats: “Old Meg she was a Gipsey,” which he copied into a letter to his sister, Fanny, written on 3 July1818, in Auchencairn, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, where he was on a walking tour with Charles Armitage Brown (1787–1842). The poem was first published in November 1838 (Jack Stillinger, ed., John Keats Complete Poems [Cambridge, MA and London: Belnap Press of Harvard University, 1982], pp. 201–202; 446–447; John Barnard, ed., John Keats Selected Poems [Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 2007], pp. 128–129, 253).

41  It has not been possible to find any information about a Mrs. Ansels/ Ansell/ Ansells. Sources consulted were the Old Parish Registers of Baptisms, Old Parish Registers of Deaths, Old Parish Registers of Marriage Banns, the Statutory Records of Deaths, and the 1841 Scottish Census.

42  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Robert Hunter, Esq., of Wharton Place, Edinburgh, who, in the 1812 will of Mrs. Isabella (Finlay) Clunie is identified as “late” in the accountants’ office of the Bank of Scotland.

43  Mrs. Biggs had the right to enjoy the liferent of £200 by the settlement of the late Robert Hunter, Esq., of Wharton Place, Edinburgh, but was directed to leave that sum to her sister, Mrs. Marion Ann Clunie or Wilkins (b. 9 August 1771; bap. 20 August 1771), widow of William Wilkins, Esq., late of Leyland, Lancashire, in liferent and to her children in fee. In her will, she directed that, although the said sum was paid to her under deduction of a legacy duty and expenses, she wished that the entire sum of two hundred pounds should at her death be appropriated for behoof of her said sister and her children. In the will of Isabella Clunie, William Wilkins is identified as “Inspector of Taxes” for Yorkshire.

44  Isabella Clunie, sister of Alicia (Clunie) McNeill, Charlotte (Clunie) Biggs, and Marion Anne (Clunie) Wilkin, mentioned in her will of 15 November 1819, proved on 30 April 1824, that her sister, Margaret, was the wife of John Pringle, a naval surgeon, of Portobello. It may be he who was the executor of Mr. Robert Hunter’s will.

45  Underfield was pair of buildings in the South Lakeland District, in the civil parish of Coulton, Lancashire. Originally one house built in 1649, it consisted at this time of two houses, with extensions having been added to it in about 1800, and with outbuildings between ("Underfield," National Heritage List for England, Historic England website, accessed 12 January 2021). “The early nineteenth century saw the county gain fame as the Lake Poets and other artists of the Romantic movement, such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, lived among, and were inspired by, the lakes and mountains of the region” (“About Cumbria,” Co-Curate database, Newcastle University, accessed 12 January 2021). John Winstanley and the Ainsworths were making their way to Kendal to meet Eliza Isabella (McNeill) (Wellwood) Winstanley.

46  Robert Scott Moncrieff (b. Edinburgh 7 April 1828; bap. Edinburgh 29 April 1829; d. Edinburgh 25 June 1906; see Image 72) was the son of Robert Scott Moncrieff (1 December 1793 – 18 June 1869), Advocate, and Susanna (Pringle) Moncrieff (4 October 1796 – 16 May 1840). He lived at No. 17 Leopold Place, according to the 1841 Scottish Census. He is also referred to in the diary as Bob Scott and as Mr. Scott. He became an East India Merchant. He married Katharine MacKinness (Catherine Mary MacKinness). His death on 25 June 1906 occurred at 7:30 AM at 43 Macdale Crescent, Edinburgh, and his age was given as 80 years old (Baptisms: 1829/685–1/560, p. 71 of 509, Edinburgh, OPRS [mis-indexed: should be 1828]).

47  Anna Mary/Maria Boswell was born Anna Mary Wellwood and baptized on 8 March 1798 at Warkworth, Northumberland (IGI). Her parents were Andrew Moffat Wellwood (b. Dunfermline, Fife c. 1769) and Maria (Taylor) Wellwood, who were married on 12 March 1794 in Warkworth, Northumberland (IGI; death entry for Anna Mary Clarke, Statutory Records of Deaths, 685/050145). Her first husband was John James Boswell, a surgeon, whom she married on 22 March 1825 in Edinburgh (IGI). They had four children, all born in Edinburgh: Robert (b. 16 May 1826); Sibella (bap. 27 July 1833); John James (bap. 23 February 1835); Susan Wellwood (bap. 28 September 1839). John James Boswell died circa 1843 (Index to Scottish Wills and Inventories). Anna Boswell married in 1848, as her second husband, Ralph Clarke, a naval officer (IGI). She died on 9 February 1872 at the age of 74 in the District of Newington, City of Edinburgh (Death entry for Anna Mary Clarke, Statutory Records of Deaths, 685/050145).

48  Eliza Winstanley’s mother was Alice (Clunie) McNeill (Scott, Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae, vol. 1: Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale, p. 423). See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

49  This was probably Eliza Winstanley’s maternal grandmother, Isabella (Finlay) Clunie (Scott, p. 423). See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

50  “Uncle James” was probably her mother’s brother, James Clunie (b. 14 March 1769) (Scott, p. 423), in 1819 “Collector of the Customs” in Berwick, according to the will of Mrs. Isabella Clunie.

51  One’s “first sark” (shirt) would be so tattered as to be unrecognizable after many years. The implication is that Eliza Winstanley was so changed in appearance since the years when she was married to Colonel Robert Wellwood (d. 1820), that no one in Edinburgh would recognize her.

52  The family of William Millar lived in Fisherrow on the west side of the town of Musselburgh, Midlothian, and about 2–3 miles east along the coast of the Firth of Forth from Portobello. William Millar (d. c. 1846) was a tanner and merchant (1841 Scottish Census for Inveresk with Musselburgh, Midlothian). His wife, Agnes (c. 1779 – 13 April 1859) was born Pringle and may thus have been related to the Pringle relatives of Charlotte Biggs. They were married on 18 June 1813 at Inveresk with Musselburgh, Midlothian (Banns of Marriage: 1813/719/60, p. 429 of 453, Haddington, OPRS). Their children, all born in Inveresk with Musselburgh, were Isabella (bap. 9 May 1814), James (bap. 21 December 1815), Thomas (bap. 9 August 1817), and Agnes Gilmour (bap. 27 March 1821) (1841 Scottish Census for Inveresk with Musselburgh, Midlothian).

53  See previous Note.

54  Sibella Boswell (bap. Edinburgh 27 July 1833 – Newington, Edinburgh 21 December 1898) later married James Lawson Hill, writer to the Signet. At her death, she was 66 years old (Statutory Records of Deaths in the District of Newington, City of Edinburgh: 685/05 1275).

55  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Magdalen (Main) Robertson (bap. Bathgate 21 October 1798), whose age in the 1841 Census for the Parish of St. Cuthbert’s is given as 35 (1841 Census 85/02143/02013). By the time of this census, she and her husband, Donald Robertson, had three children: Robert (b. Edinburgh 1 July 1837), Thomas (bap. Edinburgh 4 January 1839) and Andrew (b. Edinburgh 21 August 1840). In the 1841 Census for New Grey Friars, these three Robertson children are listed as living together with an Ann Sutherland, aged 28, identified as “servant for the Robertsons,” in the household of Margaret Moon, aged 32, identified as “widow cleans Heriot school.” Their ages are given as Robert (4), Thomas (2), and Andrew (9 months) (1841 Census 685/01059/01015). By the 1851 Census, Magdalen and Donald Robertson also had three daughters: Margaret (bap. Edinburgh 22 March 1842), Francis [sic] (b. Edinburgh 6 May 1844), and Anne (bap. Edinburgh 23 November 1846). In the 1851 Census for the Parish of Burntisland, County of Fife, Magdalen Robertson is listed as “innkeeper’s widow,” aged 50, born in Fife, Dunfermline, who is a lodger in the lodginghouse kept by Fanny McFarline. Lodging there with their mother are three of her children: Thomas (13), Margaret (9), and Fanny (7). No burial entry was located for Magdalen Robertson from 1846 to 1854; no death certificate was located for Magdalen Robertson from 1855 to 1858 (Banns: 1836/685–1/650, Edinburgh; Baptisms: 1840/685–1/580, Edinburgh; Baptisms: 1846/685–1/590, p. 245 of 446, Edinburgh, OPRS); and there does not seem to be a will or administration for Magdalen Robertson. When Eliza Winstanley visited her in 1843, the hotel was prospering.

56  Magdalen Main’s mother, former nanny to Eliza Winstanley, was Elizabeth Easton (Eastoun) Main (b. and bap. Bathgate 30 December 1764), daughter of Robert Easton and Agnes (Anderson) Easton. She married on 30 April 1785 in Bathgate Alexander Main. No burial entry has been found for her in the Old Parish Registers of Burials in Scotland (OPRS of Marriage Banns, OPRS of Baptisms, OPRS of Burials).

57  Magdalen (Main) Robertson’s husband was Donald Robertson (bap. Blair Atholl 5 September 1795 – Edinburgh 31 March 1858), son of Donald Robertson and Marion (Stewart) Robertson. It is not possible to establish the date of their marriage. They lived at 1 W. Register St., St. Cuthberts, Edinburgh, where Donald was tavern keeper. His age is given in the 1841 Census as 45 (1841 Census for Edinburgh 685–2/143/13). The Edinburgh Gazette contains some entries about him in connection with the sequestration of his estate in 1847. He is described therein as “Hotel Keeper, West Register Street, Edinburgh.” His hotel was the “Guildford Arms Hotel, (Robertsons). West Register Street, Edinburgh.” It is given as the place where his creditors met. A William Robertson, a brewer of Summerhall, Edinburgh, was elected trustee of Donald Robertson’s estate in 1847 and sold the hotel in 1849 (The Scotsman (Edinburgh), Wednesday, March 21, 1849). There does not seem to be a will or administration for him. He was buried at St. Cuthbert’s Burying Ground.

58  The city of Edinburgh was called “Auld Reekie” (“Old Smoky”) because of the pall of smoke that hung over it.

59  Galashiels (see Image 74) is “a manufacturing town, burgh of Barony, and parish, partly in the district of Melrose, county of Roxburgh, and partly in the county of Selkirk, … 32 [miles] (S.S.E.) from Edinburgh; containing 2140 inhabitants, exclusively of 2396 in the parish of Melrose, into which the town extends … The principal trade carried on here, and to which the town owes its importance, is the woollen manufacture, which has been gradually brought to a very high state of perfection” (Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Scotland, vol. 1, pp. 458–459).

60  Longham is a tiny village in Norfolk, containing the medieval church of St. Andrew and St. Peter. “Longtown is a small and neat market town and township, in the parish of Arthuret … about 9 [miles] N. by W. from Carlisle … and 82 S. from Edinburgh; pleasantly situated on the mail road between the last named city and Carlisle; and on the south bank of the river Eske … The town is respectable in appearance, the streets being spacious, and the houses neatly built. Many of the lower classes are employed in weaving for the manufacturers of Carlisle.” In 1831, the township of Longtown had 2,049 inhabitants (Pigot and Co.’s National Commercial Directory for 1834; [of] Chester, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Durham, Lancaster, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Rutlandshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Westmoreland, Worchestershire, Yorkshire (London and Manchester: Pigot, [1834]), p. 104 [hereafter, Pigot’s Directory of Chester …Yorkshire and the year]).

61  “Netherby township, about two miles from Longtown, contains Netherby Hall [see Image 75], the elegant mansion of Sir J.R.G. Graham, Bart. M.P. and is situated on an eminence commanding an extensive prospect over a flat but well cultivated country, interestingly spotted with pleasant hamlets and neat cottages, which, being all whitened, have a remarkable and picturesque effect upon the verdant landscape. – The township is in the same parish as Longtown, and contained [in 1851, 358] inhabitants” (Pigot’s Directory of Chester … Yorkshire [1831] and [1855], p. 104).

62  Samuel Morton Lennox was a comedian of the Queen’s Theatre in Manchester. Elizabeth Angel’s comments suggest a possible difficult romantic involvement with him. He married on 3 November 1844 at the Collegiate Church, Manchester, a Miss Craven, also of the Queen’s Theatre, Manchester (Liverpool Mail, November 9, 1844; Liverpool Standard and General Commerical Advertiser, November 12, 1844). See the biography of Elizabeth Angel in Appendix E (hereafter, Angel).

63  Elizabeth Angel was a young actress, the protegée of Edward William Elton (August 1794 – d. in the wreck of the Pegasus off the Holy Island of Lindisfarne 20 July 1843; see Image 76), a well-known London actor of the Drury Lane Theatre. When Eliza Winstanley met her in the coach, Angel had just resigned from the Theatre Royal company in Manchester to take up residence with the Adelphi Theatre company in Edinburgh. She was extremely depressed over her personal life and, it would seem, romantic involvement with Samuel Morton Lennox in Manchester. See previous Note and Angel in Appendix E.

64  Kendal (see Image 69) is the largest “town (parish), South Lakeland district, administrative county of Cumbria, historic county of Westmorland, northwest England. … The outline of a Roman fort is traceable…” It had a weekly market starting in the late twelfth century and fairs as of the early fourteenth century. The cloth called “Kendal green,” from which foresters’ clothing was made, was manufactured here” (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, s.v. “Kendal, England, United Kingdom,” accessed 5 October 2021).

65  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmorland (see Image 70), where her friends, Richard and Elizabeth (Winstanley) Picard, lived. See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

66  The Carlisle coach stopped at the Inn in Kendal (see Image 69).

67  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Richard Stuart Picard (bap. 16 January 1807 – 26 November 1887) and Margaret (Winstanley) Ware (b. 12 April 1801; bap. 17 April 1801; d. Leyburn, York 16 April 1877), his sister-in-law (IGI). A Jane Picard (c. 1809 – 28 November 1881), aged 30, is listed in the household of Christopher Picard of Lake Bank, Claife, Hawkeshead, Lancashire, in the 1841 Census, without further identification is the sister of Christopher (1841 Census HO107/-529/6). See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

68  For Margaret (Winstanley) Ware; her mother, Betty (Ryder) Winstanley; and her deceased husband, William Ware, see Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

69  Eliza Winstanley is referring to Elizabeth (Winstanley) Picard, wife of Richard Stuart Picard; Jane and Isabella Simpson, who lived with them; and John Richard Picard, son of Eliza (Winstanley) and Richard Stuart Picard. See Winstanley … Cragg in Appendix E.

70  Mrs. Picard Senior was Jenny Picard (c. 1785 – Kirkby Lonsdale 6 July 1849), wife of Thomas Tunstall Picard (buried at Kirkby Lonsdale 31 August 1826). They were the parents of Christopher (bap. Leck 17 December 1805), Richard Stuart (bap. 16 January 1807 – 26 November 1887), and Thomas (bap. 19 April 1808) (IGI). In the 1841 Census, Jenny Picard and her son Thomas, manufacturer, are listed in the household of Christopher Picard of Lake Bank, Claife, Hawkeshead, Lancashire (1841 Census HO107/-529/6).